RESUMO O uso de telefones celulares aumentou dramaticamente em todo o mundo. Essa revolução na comunicação entre os indivíduos tem impacto no cuidado ao paciente, apoiando sua autogestão e promovendo a responsabilidade compartilhada com os serviços de saúde. Tendo em vista que a melhoria da comunicação facilita o cumprimento dos procedimentos programados e reduz os cancelamentos cirúrgicos, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma ferramenta de comunicação denominada Surgery Remember@ para mitigar as suspensões cirúrgicas por absenteísmo do paciente. O presente artigo é um estudo da produção tecnológica dividido em quatro capítulos: revisão de literatura; análise do perfil administrativo do hospital; desenvolvimento de software; e mapeamento de processos para implementação de software. Tendo em conta que nos últimos três anos o problema do absenteísmo foi a principal causa de cancelamentos cirúrgicos institucionais o desenvolvimento do Surgery Remember@ se apresenta como esforço para reduzir os cancelamentos de cirurgias, melhorando a eficiência e reduzindo custos. Sabe-se que o envio de mensagens três dias antes do procedimento cirúrgico possibilita a reposição de pacientes em caso de cancelamentos, otimizando os recursos humanos e materiais da sala cirúrgica. A confirmação da consulta pré-anestésica também é positiva, pois permite verificar a melhora da assistência perioperatória. Assim, além de viável e de fácil implementação, o software desenvolvido permite agregar outros recursos de acordo com a necessidade do usuário, mostrando-se uma ferramenta para redução de cancelamentos cirúrgicos.

ABSTRACT The use of mobile phones has dramatically increased all over the world. Such revolution in the communication amongst individuals has a great impact in patient care, supporting their self-management and promoting shared responsibility with health services. Given that improved communication facilitates compliance with scheduled procedures and reduces surgical cancellations, the current work aims to develop a communication tool named Surgery Remember@ to mitigate surgical suspensions due to patient absenteeism. The present article is a study of technological production divided into four chapters: literature review; analysis of the hospital administrative profile; software development; and process mapping for software implementation. Taking into account that in the last three years the problem of absenteeism was the main cause of institutional surgical cancellations; the development of Surgery Remember@ endeavours to reduce surgery cancellations, improving efficiency and reducing costs. It is known that sending messages three days before the surgical procedure makes it possible to replace patients in the event of cancellations, optimizing the human and material resources in the operating room. The confirmation of the pre-aesthetic consultation is also positive, for it allows the verification of perioperative assistance improvement. Hence, besides being viable and easy to implement, the software developed allows the addition of other features based on user requirements, proving to be an asset to reduce surgery cancellations.

Abstract The growth of the urban population raises concern about municipal public managers in the sense of providing emergency medical services (EMS) that are aligned with the needs of prehospital emergency medical care demanded by the population. The literature review aims at presenting the response time of emergency medical services in several parts of the world and discussing some factors that interfere in the result of this indicator such as GDP (Gross Domestic Product) percentage spent on health and life expectancy of countries. The study will also show that in some of the consulted articles, authors suggest to EMS recommendations for decreasing the response time using simulations, heuristics and metaheuristics. Response time is a basic indicator of emergency medical services, in such a way that researchers use the descriptive statistics to evaluate this parameter. Europe and the USA outstand in the publication of studies that present this information. Some articles use stochastic and mathematical methods to suggest models that simulate scenarios of response time reduction and suggest such proposals to the local EMS. Countries in which the response time was identified have a high index of human development and life expectancy between 74.7 and 83.7 years.

RESUMO A natureza sempre se forneceu uma fonte inesgotável compostos biologicamente ativos. Desde o início da humanidade, os homens buscaram recursos na fauna e flora para tratar as doenças oculares. Porém, foi somente após a Revolução Industrial que extratos de plantas e substâncias de origem animal puderam ser utilizados com segurança, como foi determinado por estudos controlados de intervenção. Dois grandes desafios enfrentados pela farmacologia foram: desenvolver drogas capazes de reduzir a cegueira pelo glaucoma; e controlar a dor associada à cirurgia ocular. A busca por uma droga que efetivamente reduza a pressão intraocular e controle a progressão do glaucoma levou ao desenvolvimento de diversos hipotensores oculares, como a physostigmine da planta Physostigma venenosum. As propriedades anestésicas da cocaína, extraídas da Erythroxylon coca, finalmente permitiram procedimentos cirúrgicos no olho. Vários novos compostos naturais foram investigados na tentativa de identificar substâncias com potencial para fornecer benefícios adicionais ao tecido ocular e à visão. Evidências emergentes de propriedades anti-inflamatórias, de cicatrização de feridas, antimicrobianas, antioxidantes, antitumorais e antiangiogênicas atribuídas a extratos de plantas e tecidos animais estimularam mais investimentos em pesquisas nessa área. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos na síntese de drogas, a indústria farmacêutica ainda busca novos princípios ativos a partir de fontes naturais, bem como revisita drogas derivadas já estabelecidas. Embora um grande número de compostos que ocorrem naturalmente seja conhecido, este artigo de revisão concentra-se nas substâncias bioativas com benefícios cientificamente comprovados para os tecidos oculares.

ABSTRACT Nature has always provided an unlimited source of biologically-active compounds. Since the beginning of mankind, humans have sought resources in fauna and flora to treat eye diseases. However, it was only after the Industrial Revolution that extracts of plants and substances of animal origin could be used safely, as has been determined by controlled interventional studies. Two major challenges faced by ocular pharmacology are the following: developing drugs that are able to reduce blindness due to glaucoma; and controlling the pain associated with eye surgery. The search for a drug that effectively lowers intraocular pressure and controls the progression of glaucoma has led to the development of various ocular hypotensive agents, such as physostigmine from the Physostigma venenosum plant. The anesthetic properties of cocaine, extracted from Erythroxylon coca, finally enabled surgical procedures in the eye. Several new natural compounds have been investigated in an attempt to identify substances with the potential to provide additional benefits to eye tissue and vision. Emerging evidence of anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiangiogenic properties attributed to plant extracts and animal tissues has encouraged more investment in research in this area. Despite technological advances in synthesizing drugs, the pharmaceutical industry still seeks new active compounds from natural sources as well as from revisiting already-established naturally derived compounds. Although a large number of naturally-occurring compounds is known, this review article focuses on the bioactive substances with scientifically-proven benefits for ocular tissues.

SUMMARY: Mesenchymal cells (MCs) exhibit great regenerative potential due to their intrinsic properties and ability to restore tissue function, either directly through transdifferentiation or indirectly through paracrine effects. This study aimed to evaluate morphometric and phenotypic changes in MCs grown with facial nerve-conditioned medium in the presence or absence of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). For quantitative phenotypic analysis, the expression of GFAP, OX-42, MAP-2, β-tubulin III, NeuN, and NF-200 was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Cells cultured with facial nerve-conditioned medium in the presence of FGF-2 expressed GFAP, OX-42, MAP-2, β-tubulin III, NeuN, and NF-200. On average, the area and perimeter of GFAP-positive cells were higher in the group cultured with facial nerve-conditioned medium compared to the group cultured with conditioned medium and FGF-2 (p=0.0001). This study demonstrated the plasticity of MCs for neuronal and glial lineages and opens up new research perspectives in cell therapy and trans.differentiation.

RESUMEN: Las células mesenquimales (CM) exhiben un gran potencial regenerativo debido a sus propiedades intrínsecas y la capacidad de restaurar la función del tejido, ya sea directamente, a través de la transdiferenciación, o indirectamente, a través de efectos parácrinos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios morfométricos y fenotípicos en CM cultivadas con medio condicionado por nervio facial en presencia o ausencia de factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos 2 (FGF-2). Para el análisis fenotípico cuantitativo, se analizó la expresión de GFAP, OX-42, MAP-2, β-tubulina III, NeuN y NF-200 mediante inmunocitoquímica. Las células cultivadas con medio condicionado por el nervio facial en presencia de FGF-2 expresaban GFAP, OX-42, MAP-2, β-tubulina III, NeuN y NF-200. En promedio, el área y el perímetro de las células positivas para GFAP fueron mayores en el grupo cultivado con medio condicionado por el nervio facial en comparación con el grupo cultivado con medio acondicionado y FGF-2 (p = 0,0001). Este estudio demostró la plasticidad de CM para linajes neuronales y gliales y abre nuevas perspectivas de investigación en terapia celular y transdiferenciación.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the Chenopodium ambrosioides L (mastruz) extract for preventing bone loss and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Twelve rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy for inducing osteoporosis. After surgery, they were divided into two groups: Ovariectomy-control group (G1, n=6), receiving 0.5 ml distilled water by gavage for 30 days, and Ovariectomy plus mastruz group (G2, n=6), receiving 0.5 ml of the hydroalcoholic extract of mastruz at 10% concentration (50mg) daily, for the same period. Then, the blood of the animals was collected for further biochemical analysis (liver function) and tibia and liver were removed for histological and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS: The cortical bone was significantly larger in the G2 than G1, whereas G1 presented the highest amount of adipocytes in the bone marrow (p<0.05). The blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly higher, whereas globulin and lactate dehydrogenase were smaller in G2 than G1. CONCLUSION: The hydroalcoholic extract of mastruz has effects on bone metabolism by changing blood proteins and enzymes and preventing both bone loss and the substitution of bone marrow cells by

OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tempos de pré-condicionamento isquêmico(PCI) intestinal sobre a translocação bacteriana (TB). MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar pesando 280±27g foram alocados em cinco grupos. No grupo IR (n=6), foi realizada laparotomia e a artéria mesentérica superior foi ocluída por microclampe atraumático por 30 minutos. Nos quatro grupos com pré-condicionamento (n=6 cada), antes dos 30 minutos de isquemia-reperfusão (I/R) os ratos foram submetidos a PCI de dois, cinco, dez e 15 minutos e, em seguida, ao mesmo tempo de reperfusão. Vinte e quatro horas após, para avaliar se os tempos de pré-condicionamento influenciam o aparecimento de translocação bacteriana, amostras de linfonodos mesentéricos, fígado e baço foram coletadas em condições estéreis, para quantificação de unidades formadoras de colônias bacterianas por grama de tecido (UFC/g). Sangue foi coletado para dosagem de citocinas. RESULTADOS: No grupo I/R, o total de UFC/g em linfonodos mesentéricos, baço, fígado, bem como, a dosagem sérica de TNF-a, IL-1b e IL-6 foram significativamente maiores do que nos demais grupos (p<0,05). Pré-condicionamento de 15 minutos atenuou significativamente a BT e as citocinas séricas, comparando com os outros tempos de pré-condicionamento (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados sugerem o pré-condicionamento como fator-chave para reduzir translocação bacteriana em I/R intestinal. Numa escala de dois a 15 minutos, o melhor tempo de pré-condicionamento isquêmico para a atenuação da translocação bacteriana foi 15 minutos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different times of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on intestinal bacterial translocation (BT). METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats weighing 280 ± 27g were divided into five groups. In the IR group (n = 6), laparotomy was performed and the superior mesenteric artery was occluded by an atraumatic microclamp for 30 minutes. In the four preconditioning groups (n = 6 each) before the 30 minutes of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rats underwent IPC for two, five, ten and 15 minutes, followed by the same time of reperfusion. In order to assess whether the time of preconditioning influenced the onset of bacterial translocation, samples of mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen were collected in sterile conditions twenty-four hours after the procedures for quantification of bacterial colony forming units per gram of tissue (CFU/g). Blood was collected for measurement of cytokines. RESULTS: In the I/R group, the total CFU/g in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, as well as the serum TNF-á, IL-1â and IL-6 were significantly higher than in the other groups (p <0.05). Preconditioning for 15 minutes significantly attenuated BT and serum cytokines when compared to other periods of preconditioning (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest preconditioning as a key factor to reduce bacterial translocation in intestinal I/R. On a scale of two to 15 minutes, the best time of ischemic preconditioning for the attenuation of bacterial translocation was 15 minutes.